Karamö, le prof virtuelLeçon 8 sur 15
The simple past: irregular verbs (le prétérit des verbes irréguliers)
Je sais employer le prétérit des verbes irréguliers dans toutes les formes de phrases et raconter un événement passé de façon organisée.
- 50 min
- 5 exercices corrigés
- 1 schéma
- QCM de 5 questions
À la fin de la leçon, tu sauras :
- Utiliser le prétérit des verbes irréguliers les plus courants à l'affirmatif
- Former la négation et la question avec did + base, et avec was / were pour be
- Poser des questions au passé avec les mots interrogatifs
- Raconter un événement passé avec des connecteurs de récit
Avant de commencer : Le prétérit des verbes réguliers (leçon 6) et la liste des verbes irréguliers (leçon 7).
1Je découvre
Pendant les vacances, Kadiatou a accompagné sa tante au grand marché de Labé. De retour à Conakry, elle raconte sa journée à son correspondant anglophone dans un message vocal :
*« Last Saturday, I went to the market with my aunt. We took a taxi at 7 a.m. We bought fruit and cloth, and we ate grilled fish. I saw my old friend Hawa there! We came back home at 6 p.m. »*
Dans ce petit récit, tous les verbes au passé sont irréguliers : went, took, bought, ate, saw, came. Aucun ne se termine par -ed ! Son correspondant lui répond ensuite par des questions : « Did you buy anything for me? What did you eat? » Kadiatou hésite : faut-il dire Did you bought ou Did you buy ?
Dans la leçon précédente, tu as appris la liste des verbes irréguliers. Il s'agit maintenant de savoir les utiliser : dans des phrases affirmatives, négatives, interrogatives, et dans un vrai récit.
Comment employer correctement le prétérit des verbes irréguliers pour raconter et pour poser des questions sur le passé ?
2Je comprends
1. La forme affirmative : la 2e colonne
À la forme affirmative, on utilise la 2e colonne de la liste (le prétérit). Comme pour les verbes réguliers, la forme est la même à toutes les personnes.
| Base | Prétérit | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| go | went | *I went to Labé.* |
| see | saw | *She saw a big snake.* |
| make | made | *We made a cake.* |
| take | took | *They took the bus.* |
| have | had | *He had a fever.* |
| come | came | *My uncle came yesterday.* |
2. La négation et la question : did + base
À la forme négative et interrogative, on n'utilise pas la 2e colonne : c'est did qui porte le passé, et le verbe revient à sa base (colonne 1). La règle est exactement la même que pour les verbes réguliers.
| Affirmative | Négative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I went to school. | I didn't go to school. | Did you go to school? |
| She ate rice. | She didn't eat rice. | Did she eat rice? |
| They saw the film. | They didn't see the film. | Did they see the film? |
Réponses courtes : Yes, I did. / No, she didn't.
3. Le cas particulier de to be : was / were
Le verbe be est le seul à ne pas utiliser did. Il fonctionne seul, comme au présent :
| Forme | I, he, she, it | you, we, they |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | I was tired. | They were happy. |
| Négative | He wasn't at home. | We weren't late. |
| Interrogative | Was she ill? | Were you at the wedding? |
On ne dit jamais ~~Did you be~~ ni ~~I didn't was~~.
4. Les questions avec un mot interrogatif
Pour obtenir une information précise, on place le mot interrogatif devant did :
Wh- + did + sujet + base ?
| Mot interrogatif | Question | Réponse |
|---|---|---|
| What (quoi) | *What did you eat?* | I ate grilled fish. |
| Where (où) | *Where did they go?* | They went to Kindia. |
| When (quand) | *When did he come?* | He came last week. |
| Who (qui, complément) | *Who did you meet?* | I met Alpha. |
| Why (pourquoi) | *Why did she leave early?* | Because she was tired. |
| How (comment) | *How did you travel?* | By bus. |
Avec be, pas de did : *Where were you yesterday? — I was at home.*
Cas particulier : quand who ou what est le sujet de la phrase, on n'utilise pas did : *Who broke the window? — Ibrahima broke it.* (Qui a cassé la fenêtre ?)
- 1Phrase affirmative : sujet + verbe à la 2e colonne (She went.)
- 2Phrase négative : sujet + didn't + base (She didn't go.)
- 3Question fermée : Did + sujet + base ? (Did she go?)
- 4Question ouverte : Wh- + did + sujet + base ? (Where did she go?)
- 5Verbe be : was / were sans did (Was she there? Where was she?)
5. Raconter un événement passé
Pour raconter une histoire vivante et bien organisée, on combine le prétérit avec des connecteurs de récit :
| Pour commencer | Pour continuer | Pour un événement soudain | Pour finir |
|---|---|---|---|
| One day… | Then… / After that… | Suddenly… | Finally… |
| Last year… | Later… / Next… | At that moment… | In the end… |
| Once… | When… / While… | Unfortunately… | At last… |
Méthode
Pour raconter un événement passé :
- Situe l'histoire : quand ? où ? qui ? (Last holiday, I went to Dalaba with my brother.)
- Raconte les actions dans l'ordre, au prétérit, avec then, after that, later.
- Ajoute un événement inattendu avec suddenly ou unfortunately.
- Termine par la fin de l'histoire et un sentiment (In the end, we were very happy.)
- Relis : 2e colonne pour les affirmatives, did + base pour les négatives et questions, was / were pour be.
Exemple
Put the verbs in the simple past: "Last month, Alpha (go) to Kankan by bus. The journey (be) long. He (sleep) during the trip. Suddenly, the bus (stop): a tyre (be) flat! The passengers (get) off and (wait) for two hours."
go → went ; be → was (the journey = it) ; sleep → slept ; stop → stopped (régulier) ; be → was ; get → got ; wait → waited (régulier).
Answer: Last month, Alpha went to Kankan by bus. The journey was long. He slept during the trip. Suddenly, the bus stopped: a tyre was flat! The passengers got off and waited for two hours.
Exemple
Ask questions about the underlined words: "Kadiatou bought cloth at the market in Labé."
What did Kadiatou buy? (bought → did + buy)
Where did Kadiatou buy cloth? — At the market in Labé.
Did Kadiatou buy cloth? — Yes, she did.
Negative: Kadiatou didn't buy cloth.
3Je retiens
Je retiens
Affirmative : sujet + prétérit (2e colonne), même forme à toutes les personnes : I went, she went.
Négative : sujet + didn't + base : She didn't go.
Question : Did + sujet + base ? — Yes, she did. / No, she didn't.
Question ouverte : What / Where / When / Why / How + did + sujet + base ?
Be : was / were sans did (Where were you? I wasn't there).
Who / What sujet : pas de did (Who broke the window?).
Connecteurs du récit : one day, then, after that, suddenly, finally, in the end.
4Erreurs fréquentes
- Employer la 2e colonne après did : « Did you see him? », pas « Did you saw him? » ; « I didn't go », pas « I didn't went ».
- Utiliser did avec be : « Were you ill? », pas « Did you be ill? ».
- Oublier did dans une question ouverte : « Where did you go? », pas « Where you went? ».
- Revenir au présent au milieu du récit : garde le prétérit du début à la fin de l'histoire.
5Je m’exerce
1Exercice 1
Put the verbs in the simple past (affirmative).
a) I (see) a big lorry on the road.
b) My mother (make) a delicious sauce.
c) We (drink) fresh water from the spring.
d) Lansana (find) a wallet in the street.
e) They (be) very tired after the match.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) I saw a big lorry on the road.
b) My mother made a delicious sauce.
c) We drank fresh water from the spring.
d) Lansana found a wallet in the street.
e) They were very tired after the match.
2Exercice 2
Make the sentences negative.
a) Hawa went to Nzérékoré.
b) The boys broke the window.
c) I was at the stadium.
d) We ate meat yesterday.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) Hawa didn't go to Nzérékoré.
b) The boys didn't break the window.
c) I wasn't at the stadium. (be : pas de did)
d) We didn't eat meat yesterday.
3Exercice 3
Ask questions about the words in bold.
a) Sékou came yesterday.
b) They went to Kamsar.
c) She bought a dress.
d) I left early because I was ill.
e) We travelled by train.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) When did Sékou come?
b) Where did they go?
c) What did she buy?
d) Why did you leave early?
e) How did you travel?
4Exercice 4
Correct the mistakes.
a) Did she wrote the letter?
b) Where you did go last Sunday?
c) Did you be at school yesterday?
d) He didn't came to the party.
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
a) Did she write the letter? (did + base)
b) Where did you go last Sunday? (Wh- + did + sujet + base)
c) Were you at school yesterday? (be sans did)
d) He didn't come to the party.
5Exercice 5
(Type examen, rédaction guidée) Write a short story (8 to 10 lines) beginning with: "Last holiday, I went to my grandparents' village." Use at least six irregular verbs in the simple past and four linking words (then, after that, suddenly, in the end…).
Voir le corrigéCacher le corrigé
Example answer:
*Last holiday, I went to my grandparents' village near Kouroussa. I took a bus with my father. When we arrived, my grandmother gave us a big bowl of rice. The next day, I went to the field with my grandfather and he taught me how to plant groundnuts. Then I swam in the river with my cousins. Suddenly, it began to rain very hard! We ran back home and we sat by the fire. In the end, I spent two wonderful weeks there, and I felt sad when I left.*
(Verbes irréguliers : went, took, gave, taught, swam, began, ran, sat, spent, felt, left. Connecteurs : when, the next day, then, suddenly, in the end.)
Cherche d’abord seul, sur ton cahier, puis ouvre le corrigé pour comparer.
6Je vérifie
Choisis une réponse pour chaque question : la correction s’affiche aussitôt.
Crée ton compte élève gratuit pour cocher les leçons terminées, suivre ta progression et gagner des points au QCM.
Toutes les leçons de Anglais · 9e
Leçon ajoutée par Kharandi pour compléter le programme de la classe.
